11/8/2023 0 Comments Elizabethan language translator![]() ![]() Main article: Tyndale Bible The first page of the Gospel of John, from William Tyndale's 1525 translation of the New Testament For example, George Joye's Protestant translations of the Psalms (1530), Isaiah (1531), Proverbs (1533), Ecclesiastes (1533), Jeremiah (1534) and Lamentations (1534), all executed in Antwerp, were the first printed English translations of these biblical books. In addition, there are a number of other translations of individual books. Psalters and prayer-books were often bound with the Bible. The Apocrypha were normally included in Bibles of the Reformation period, although sometimes omitted if the book was subsequently re-bound. With the exception of Tyndale's Bible, all are complete Bibles, although usually the New Testament was also issued separately. The nine versions summarized below are dealt with in separate articles. Of the 1000 copies of the "Wicked Bible" only 11 survive. 20:14 read: "Thou shalt commit adultery." For this the printer, Robert Barker, was fined heavily. ![]() Perhaps the most famous faulty edition is the so-called " Wicked Bible", a 1631 printing of the King James version (Herbert #444) in which Exod. Printers' errors inevitably escaped detection in some editions. This situation continued into the 20th century, at which time Eyre and Spottiswoode were the King's Printers. Later the printing of Bibles in England became a monopoly shared between the Oxford University Press, the Cambridge University Press and the "King's Printers". Print runs for early Bibles were relatively short by present-day standards typically perhaps 1000 to 2500 copies.Įditions printed in England required a royal licence. The exact origins of a Bible can therefore only be determined by detailed examination of the text. Also, at the binding stage, a title page from one edition might be combined with text from another edition. The text, being set in movable type, could be corrected or changed in the middle of a print run thus copies of a given edition may differ on some pages. ![]() Identification of a particular Bible as belonging to a specific edition is complicated by the flexibility of the whole production process at the time. Dates and places of publication might also be given incorrectly. Printers and others involved in the publication sometimes worked under pseudonyms. The person named as translator might at most be an editor, since all Bible versions depended heavily on Tyndale's and/or Coverdale's work. In this period the roles of printer and publisher were not necessarily as now, and the accuracy of the information given on title pages cannot be relied on. Later, the "authorized" Great Bible of 1539 was suppressed under Mary I because of her Roman Catholic beliefs. Henry VIII complained about Tyndale's "pestilent glosses", and only tolerated the Coverdale and Matthew Bibles because the publishers carefully omitted any mention of Tyndale's involvement in them. Several of the early printed English Bibles were suppressed, at least temporarily. Another was the Roman Catholic doctrine of Magisterium which describes the Church as the final authority in the interpretation of the Scriptures in the volatile years of the Reformation, it was not felt that encouraging private Scriptural interpretation, and thereby possible heresy, would be helpful. One was that Henry VIII wanted to avoid the propagation of heresies-a concern subsequently justified by the marginal notes printed in Tyndale's New Testament and the Geneva Bible, for example. The Reformation and Counter-Reformation led to the need for Bibles in the vernacular with competing groups each producing their own versions.Īlthough Wycliffe's Bible had preceded the Protestant Reformation, England was actually one of the last countries in Europe to have a printed vernacular Bible. This was the first major period of Bible translation into the English language including the King James Version and Douai Bibles. ![]() Early Modern English Bible translations are those translations of the Bible which were made between about 15, the period of Early Modern English. ![]()
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